The research project analyzed the school-based factors affecting teaching and learning
of Geography in Private Secondary Schools in Kibra Sub-County, Nairobi, Kenya. The
objectives of the study were: to assess the availability of teaching resources, to investigate the
effect of pedagogical approaches in teaching and learning of Geography, to determine the
influence of school environment in teaching and learning of Geography and to determine the
role school infrastructure in the effectiveness teaching and learning of geography in private
secondary schools in Kibera Sub County, Nairobi County. The study was guided by Piaget

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Constructivist Learning Theory. A descriptive survey research design was used, and a
quantitative approach was adopted for data analysis. The study used a sample of 92
respondents comprising of 83 students, and 9 teachers drawn from private secondary schools
in Kibra Sub-County, Nairobi, Kenya. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS version
21) was used to analyze the data collected from the target population. The findings
underlined the critical role of textbooks, student-centered approaches, audio-visual, fieldtrip,
and teachers’ passion practical activities on teaching and learning Geography. The study
concluded that the absence of Geography laboratories, inadequate Geography teachers, and
limited time for lessons hinder effective teaching and learning of Geography. The study
recommended that students should develop a positive attitude towards Geography, teachers
should engage in professional development program, School administrators should allocate
more time for lesson and the ministry of education should build Geography laboratories and
employ more Geography teachers.