This research specifically analyzed the school-based factors affecting performance in
Business Studies among students in public secondary schools in Kajiado North Sub-County,
Kajiado County, Kenya. The study focused on three main variables: teaching methods,
instructional resources, and student-teacher ratio, using a descriptive survey design that included
both students and teachers as respondents to the questioners. Data was collected through well-
structured questionnaires and then analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings of this
unique study showed that interactive teaching methods, like group discussions and case analyses,
were associated with better student engagement, it also improved comprehension, and better
retention of business concepts. Traditional lecture-based approaches were reported to be less
effective, often leading to reduced student motivation and reduced real-world application or
practicality. Both students and teachers realized the integration of real-life examples and
practical exercises as good factors contributing to learning outcomes. Concerning instructional
resources, the study found that access to updated textbooks, extra materials, and digital tools
enhanced better performance; and a lack of all these resources lessened understanding and
reduced achievement in subject (Business Studies). Both groups of respondents found that while
the combination of textbooks and internet enriched the learning experience, difficulties in
accessing and navigating online materials also posed serious challenges. The analysis of student-
teacher ratios discovered that smaller class sizes facilitated personalized attention, active
engagement and better performance. High student-teacher ratios stated limited or no participation
in discussions which negatively impact academic performance. Strictly based on these findings,
the study recommended the adoption of interactive and student-centered teaching methods,
consistent teacher training on contemporary pedagogical approaches, and incorporation or
integration of practical business situations in the curriculum. Educational institutions as well as
policymakers were encouraged to prioritize the updating of instructional resources, especially
digital infrastructure and textbooks. Measures to reduce student-teacher ratios, like employing
more teaching staff and expanding classroom facilities, were suggested to improve the quality of
instruction and student achievement in Business Studies.