The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of socio-demographic, economic, and
environmental factors on food security in Kajiado West Sub-County, Kenya. Specifically, the
study aimed to: assess the effect of socio-demographic factors on food security, evaluate the
effect of economic factors on food security, and examine the effect of environmental factors on
food security in Kajiado West Sub-County. The study was anchored on Sustainable Livelihoods
Theory, which emphasizes the role of diverse livelihood assets and strategies in ensuring
household resilience and long-term food security. The study adopted a cross-sectional research
design. The target population consisted of households in Kajiado West Sub-County, with a
sample size of 200 respondents selected through stratified random sampling. Data was collected
using structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics through
SPSS version 26. Findings revealed that socio-demographic factors significantly shape food
security outcomes, with gender roles (92%), marital status (90%), and household size (88%)
exerting the greatest influence. Economic factors such as rising food prices (91%), limited credit
access (88%), and unstable incomes (87%) were major constraints to food affordability and
availability. Environmental factors posed the most critical threats, where climate change (93%),
unpredictable weather (89%), and wildlife-livestock conflicts (86%) were key determinants of
household food insecurity. The study recommends that the Ministry of Agriculture and County
Government develop climate adaptation and soil conservation programs; the Ministry of Water
and NGOs invest in water harvesting and irrigation systems; the Kenya Wildlife Service and
local leaders establish wildlife-livestock conflict mitigation schemes; and gender-sensitive
community programs be implemented to improve household decision-making and food
distribution.