The study was guided by the objective of investigating the challenges and strategies in the
teaching and learning of Human Sexuality Education within Christian Religious Education
(CRE) in public secondary schools in Mbooni East Sub-County, Makueni County. Specifically,
the study sought to examine the attitudes of teachers and students towards Human Sexuality
Education, determine the adequacy of teaching and learning resources, and identify the
instructional strategies employed in its delivery. The study adopted a descriptive survey research
design. The target population comprised teachers and students from selected public secondary
schools in Mbooni East Sub-County. Stratified and simple random sampling techniques were
used to select respondents. Data were collected using questionnaires for both teachers and
students, and analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages, which
were presented in tables and figures. The findings revealed that both teachers and students
generally held a positive attitude towards Human Sexuality Education, recognizing its
importance in shaping responsible behavior and moral development. However, the study
established that the availability of teaching and learning resources was inadequate, with schools
largely relying on textbooks and chalkboards, while modern instructional aids such as ICT tools
and visual models were limited. Furthermore, teachers mainly employed traditional instructional
strategies such as lectures and discussions, with minimal integration of participatory methods

that enhance learner engagement. Based on these findings, the study recommends that the
Ministry of Education, in collaboration with school administrators, should provide adequate
teaching and learning resources, including ICT facilities and instructional materials, to support
effective teaching of Human Sexuality Education. Teachers should also be encouraged and
trained to integrate learner-centered methodologies such as group discussions, debates, and role
plays to make the subject more engaging and impactful. In conclusion, the study highlights that
while attitudes towards Human Sexuality Education are generally positive, its effectiveness is
limited by inadequate resources and overreliance on traditional teaching methods. Addressing
these gaps through resource provision and teacher capacity building would significantly enhance
the teaching and learning of Human Sexuality Education in CRE in public secondary schools in
Mbooni East Sub-County.