The aim of this study was to investigate the challenges in the teaching and learning of prepositions in English on learners academic performance in Dagoretti South Sub County, Nairobi County. It was guided by the following objectives: to establish how improving teaching strategies affect academic performance of English subject, to examine how student’s attitude affect academic performance in English subject and to find out how availability of teaching and learning materials affect academic performance of English subject. This study was guided by Vygotsky’s Sociocultural developed by Lev Vygotsky in 1978. The study used descriptive survey and adopted quantitative approach. The study comprised of a total of 129 respondents consisting of 120 English students and 9 English teachers. Data was collected, organized using Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS). The study found out that most of the schools lack basic essentials that would help the teaching and learning of prepositions in English language, essentials like resourceful libraries and adequate textbooks. The study recommends that the government through the Ministry of education should ensure that English books are supplied in an adequate amount, Teachers should use a variety of teaching methods. Teachers should stay updated with educational technologies to enhance teaching methods for the betterment of good academic results.